A PPP can be taken out by:
- Someone who is self-employed
- Employees who cannot access an occupational pension scheme.
To take out a PPP you will have to be earning an income which is taxable in the current tax year.
PPPs are provided by insurance companies. You can buy them directly or through banks and brokers/financial advisers.
There are many PPPs on the market and choosing one that suits you can be difficult. Here are some things to think about when choosing a PPP:
- Shop around to give yourself the widest choice and take your time to get as much information as you can before you decide.
- Make sure you get and carefully read the Disclosure Notice document (sometimes called a Key Features Document). This document sets out all the important facts about the PPP. This must be given to you by the insurance company or broker before you sign into a PPP.
- Make sure you can afford the contributions as some PPPs have a minimum payment.
- Check what charges you will have to pay, and when. Examples of some of the charges are set up, allocation rate, bid/offer, fund management, fund switching etc. Many of the charges will be deducted from your fund and will affect the value of your pension.
- Make sure you are happy with how your contributions are going to be invested and that you are happy with the level of risk you are taking.
- PPPs can be complicated so it is recommended that you get independent financial advice. More information on getting financial advice can be found here
- Do not sign any documentation until you understand and are happy with your choice.
All PPPs will have various charges and they will be set out in your Disclosure Notice document. The following are some of the charges that you may have to pay at the start and during the life of your PPP.
| Name of the charge |
Explanation |
| Setup |
This charge is to set up the PPP and will be taken from your regular payments. It is typically taken for 6 months to one year but you will need to refer to your disclosure notice document to check this. |
| Allocation rate |
The percentage of your payment that is used to buy units in a fund. A 98% allocation rate means that for every €100 you invest, the insurance company invests €98 and takes €2 as a charge. |
| Bid/offer spread |
The difference between the price to buy and sell units in a fund. If the difference is 5%, it means that €5 out of every €100 used to buy units is taken off as a charge. As a result, the value of a €100 investment would fall to €95. This charge is a feature of older Contracts from before 2005. |
| Fund Management |
This is a set percentage of the value of your investment fund that is taken by the provider each year to pay for managing the fund and other general costs. It typically ranges from 1% to 1.5% of the value of your fund. |
| Early encashment |
This is a fee you may be charged for any money you withdraw in the first few years. This charge is highest for withdrawals in the first year and reduces every year after that. Generally, there will be no charges after five years. |
| Fund switching |
Some PPPs charge a fee if you decide to switch units from one fund to another. |
The insurance company will invest your money in a fund or a number of funds that they feel will perform best to make as much money as possible for you over the life of the PPP. The diagram below shows the type of funds that an insurance company could invest in on your behalf, for example, buying shares in different companies, buying government bonds and investing in property. The insurance company will also take the money for various charges from your contributions.
Top Tip
Investing in funds does not guarantee a positive return and you may not get back all the money you put in.
When you retire and if your PPP has performed well you will have a lump sum built up in your PPP fund. This lump sum will be a combination of your monthly payments and any growth that was made from investing your money in various funds, less charges. If during the life of the PPP the investment of your money in various funds did not make any growth, you could have less money than you paid in.
You can take your money from your pension fund in the following circumstances:
- from the age of 60 and up to age 75. You do not have to retire or give up work to get the benefits from your PPP. Simply be over 60 and under 70, or,
- at any age in the case of serious ill health – this is usually where you are permanently unable to work again, or,
- age 50 if your occupation is one where people normally retire before the age of 60 for example a golfer, rugby player, jockey etc.
Top Tip
If you die before taking your benefits from your PPP fund, the value must be paid into your estate.
When taking benefits from your PPP fund you will always have the option of taking a tax free lump sum of 25% (up to a maximum of €200,000). The options available to you for the remainder of the benefits will depend on whether you have an additional secured income of €12,700 per year or not. An example of a secured income could be the benefits from another pension fund you are currently receiving. Rental income is not accepted as secured income.
If you do not have a secured income of €12,700 you have to invest at least €63,500 in an
Annuity or an Approved Minimum Retirement Fund (AMRF). However, if the balance in your PPP fund is greater than €63,500, you can put the remainder into your annuity, in addition to the €63,500, or take it as a taxable lump sum. The maximum you can invest in an Approved Minimum Retirement Fund (AMRF) is €63,500.
If you have a secured income of €12,700 you can invest in an Approved Retirement Fund (ARF) or Annuity or take the remainder as a taxable lump sum.
If the balance of your PPP fund is less than €20,000 after you have taken your 25% tax free lump sum, you may not be able to buy an annuity or AMRF as an insurance company may consider the amount of money you have to be too low. In these circumstances, with Revenue approval, you can take the remainder of your fund as a taxable lump sum.
The following diagram shows the options you have in relation to your pension benefits, depending on whether you have a secured income or not.
Examples
Mary, 62
Mary is 62 and is retiring and wants to take the benefits from her PPP fund. She has no other secured income. The balance of her PPP pot is €200,000. She can take 25% tax free which is €50,000. As she has no other income she will have to invest at least €63,500 in an Approved Minimum Retirement Fund (AMRF) or Annuity. The balance of €83,500 can be invested in her annuity (if she takes this option) in addition to the €63,500 or she can invest it in an Approved Retirement Fund (ARF) or take it as taxable lump sum.
Pat, 64
Pat is 64 and is due to retire in a couple of weeks and is looking to take the benefits from his PPP fund. The balance in his PPP pot is €150,000. Pat has a secured income of €14,000 from an employer pension from a job he had a number of years ago. He can take 25% tax free which is €37,500. The balance of €112,500 can be invested in an Approved Retirement Fund (ARF), an annuity or he can take it as a taxable lump sum.
Joan, 65
Joan is 65 and has just retired and wants to take her benefits from her PPP fund. The balance in her PPP fund is €25,000. She can take 25% tax free which is €6,250. She does not have any other income. The pension rules are that you have to invest at least €63,500 in an Approved Minimum Retirement Fund (AMRF) or Annuity if you don’t have a secured income of €12,700. In this case Joan does not have this amount but she will have to invest the balance of €18,750 either in an Approved Minimum Retirement Fund (AMRF) or Annuity. She shops around the market but no insurance company is willing to invest the balance in an Approved Minimum Retirement Fund (AMRF) or Annuity as the amount is too low. With Revenue approval she will be able to take the €18,750 as a taxable lump sum.
What is an Annuity?
An Annuity is a long term investment that is sold by insurance companies. You give the insurance company a lump sum from your pension fund and in return the insurance company will guarantee to pay you an income for the rest of your life – you will have to pay tax on this income.
You do not have to buy an Annuity from the same insurance company that you bought your PPP from so you can shop around in order to get the best return on your lump sum. There is a maximum guarantee period of 10 years on annuities which are bought from the money in your pension fund. The guarantee period is the number of years the insurance company will pay out an income to your estate if you die shortly after taking out the annuity.
Example
Tim
Tim has just retired and has €200,000 from his PPP fund to invest/buy an annuity. After talking to a number of insurance companies, the best offer he got was an income of €8,000 per year with a guaranteed period for the first 5 years.
After 2 years, Tim dies – the insurance company will continue to pay €8,000 per year for the next 3 years into Tim’s estate.
What is an Approved Retirement Fund (ARF)
An ARF is an investment plan that allows you to continue to invest some or all of the benefits from your pension fund in retirement and take out money as you need it, rather than buying an annuity. However, you must take at least 4% per year of the value of the ARF up to age 70 and after that at least 5% per year.
What is an Approved Minimum Retirement Fund (AMRF)
An AMRF is similar to an ARF in that it is an investment plan that allows you to continue to invest benefits from your pension pot in retirement. However, the main difference is that you can only withdraw 4% of the value of the fund annually. Once you reach 75 years of age, your AMRF will automatically become an ARF.
PPPs bought since 6 April 1999 can be transferred to another PPP. They can also be transferred to a Personal Retirement Savings Account (PRSA), but only if the provider operating the PPP allows for it.
Disclosure Notice
A disclosure notice must be given to you before you sign a PPP application form. This document is to help you decide if the PPP is suitable for your needs and includes information such as
- the likely changes that might be made to the plan
- the likely charges payable to the insurance company
- the likely benefits the PPP might provide to you at retirement.
When you are taking out a PPP and a general disclosure notice is provided, it will include a personalised table of likely benefits and charges. In addition, the personalised table should outline that you have a cooling off period of 30 days from the date you received your PPP policy or the date the insurance company posts it out to you.
Annual statement of value
For PPPs taken out after 1 February 2001, insurance companies must give you an annual statement which shows:
- The current premium payable
- The current surrender or maturity value
- And any other information the insurance company thinks is necessary
